Buildings embody ideological aims and reflect the value systems of those with the power to plan... they are key cultural and political indicators of their time.
So writes photographer John Kippin in his new book. A perspective he explores in a stunning series of more than 100 carefully composed, powerfully perceptive images of Mussolini's fascist Romanitas project in Rome. A brutal conception of power, marginalising women and celebrating masculinity and aggression.
In four accompanying essays, his perspective is extended to the examine the architecture of contemporary London, Europe and North America.
John Kippin is Emeritus Professor of Photography at the University of Sunderland. He lives on the island of North Uist in Scotland.